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About Microwave Synthesis |
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| A highly efficient synthesis method |
Since 1986, when microwave
irradiation was first applied towards organic chemistry, microwave-assisted
synthesis has become increasingly popular for modern chemical synthesis
strategies. Microwave synthesis is particularly interesting due
to its high efficiency, leading to drastically reduced reaction
times, higher yield and purer products. |
| The most precise reaction control |
The first
experiments were carried out using ordinary domestic microwave ovens,
without being able to monitor or control reaction parameters such
as pressure and temperature. Modern instruments, such as Synthos
3000, provide exact inside temperature measurement, IR temperature
control and specific pressure measuring devices, all of which ensure
the highest precision in reaction control. |
| New benchmarks |
In the past, the small sample
vessels or microwave chambers meant that the use of microwave-assisted
synthesis was limited to the optimization of reactions and development
of methods using small volumes (<10 mmol). Now, powerful microwave
ovens allow the production of compounds on a large scale (> 50
mmol). Synthos 3000 provides this feature utilizing specially designed
rotors, high-pressure vessels and corresponding accessories, guaranteeing
efficient organic synthesis in the microwave field. |
| Applications |
Microwave-assisted synthesis under controlled conditions
has many uses in the field of medical chemistry and pharmaceutical
research. |
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Read
more about Synthos 3000 >> |
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Key References on Microwave Synthesis |
| Reviews |
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Mingos M.D.P., "The Application
of Microwaves in Chemistry", Res. Chem. Intermed.1994,
85-91 |
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Langa F. et al., "Microwave irradiation:
more than just a method for accelerating reactions", Contemp.
Org. Synth. 1997, 373-386 |
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Larhed M., Hallberg A:, "Microwave-assisted
high-speed chemistry: a new technique in drug discovery",
Drug Discovery Today 2001, 406-416 |
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| Articles |
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Stadler A. et al., "Scalability
of Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis. From Single-Mode
to Multimode Parallel Batch Reactors", Org. Process Res.
Dev. 2003, 707-716 |
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Kaval N. et al., "The Effect of Pressure
on Microwave-Enhanced Diels-Alder Reactions. A Case Study.",
Org. Biomol.Chem. 2004, 154-156 |
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C.O. Kappe, "Controlled Microwave
Heating in Modern Organic Synthesis", Angew. Chem. Int.
Ed.2004, 6250-6284 |
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| Books |
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Microwaves in Organic Synthesis",
A. Loupy (Ed.), Wiley-VCh, 2002 |
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"Advances in Green Chemistry: Chemical
Syntheses Using Microwave Irradiation", R.S. Varma, Kavitha
Printers, Bangalore, 2002 |
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"Microwaves in Combinatorial and High-Throughput
synthesis" (a special issue of Mol. Diversity), C. O.
Kappe (Ed.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003 |
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"Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis",
P.Lidström, J. Tierney (Eds.), Blackwell Scientific,
2005 |
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"Microwaves in Organic and Medicinal
Chemistry", C.O. Kappe, A. Stadler, Wiley-VCh, June 2005 |
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